After any major physical trauma, hit by a car, attacked by another dog, a bad fall, go to the vet even if your dog seems fine.
Dogs are wired to mask pain, and internal injuries, internal bleeding, or shock can develop slowly after trauma. A dog walking around after being struck by a car can still have life-threatening injuries.
Bleeding:
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Apply firm, direct pressure with a clean cloth or gauze pad
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Hold pressure for at least 3 full minutes without lifting to check, lifting the cloth disturbs the clot
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If blood soaks through, add more material on top rather than removing what's there
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Do not use a tourniquet unless you've been trained to
Suspected broken bone:
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Do not try to splint it, incorrect splinting causes additional injury
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Minimize movement; use a carrier or makeshift stretcher (a stiff board, a folded blanket)
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Keep your dog calm and supported during transport
Transporting an injured dog safely:
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For small dogs: place gently in a carrier or box lined with a blanket
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For large dogs: slide onto a rigid surface (a board, door mat, or flat piece of cardboard) with 2 people if possible
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Support the head, neck, and body as one unit if spinal injury is possible, do not twist or bend
Eye injuries: Any eye injury, scratched cornea, something lodged in the eye, sudden cloudiness, or the eye being held shut in pain, needs same-day veterinary attention. Do not rinse with anything other than sterile saline, and do not let your dog paw at it. Put an e-collar on if you have one.