Dogs are remarkably good at hiding discomfort. By the time obvious symptoms appear, a problem has often been brewing for a while. These are the signs that should prompt at minimum a call to your vet.
Changes in Appetite or Thirst
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Refusing food for more than 24 hours
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Sudden increase in appetite (can signal hormonal disorders like diabetes or Cushing's disease)
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Dramatically increased water consumption alongside increased urination, this combination specifically points to kidney disease, diabetes, or liver problems
Digestive Changes
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Vomiting more than once or twice, or any vomiting with blood
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Diarrhea lasting more than 48 hours, or any diarrhea with blood
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Straining to defecate or urinate
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Noticeable bloating of the abdomen
Energy & Behavior Changes
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Lethargy, a dog that doesn't want to get up, greet you, or do things they normally enjoy
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Sudden aggression or irritability from a normally gentle dog (often a sign of pain)
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Confusion, disorientation, or staring blankly, can indicate neurological issues
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Hiding or withdrawing from family interaction
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Pacing, inability to settle, or restlessness at nigh
Physical Signs
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Persistent cough, wheezing, or labored breathing
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Limping or difficulty rising, especially after rest
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Excessive scratching, licking, or chewing at one area
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Lumps, bumps, or new growths anywhere on the body
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Eyes that are red, cloudy, discharging, or being held shut
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Ears that smell bad, have discharge, or are being scratched at
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Bad breath that's new or dramatically worse than usual
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Pale, yellow, or bluish gums (gums should be pink and moist)
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Unexplained weight loss or gain
The Rule of Thumb: Any symptom that persists more than 48 hours, is worsening, involves blood, or is accompanied by lethargy or loss of appetite warrants a vet call. When in doubt, call, that's what your vet is there for.
